Agenda

AI Frontiers 2025: Driving the Next Revolution in Smart Manufacturing

Wednesday, September 10, 2025
Keynote: Building Data Accuracy and AI Trust in Smart Manufacturing
Sponsored by Adlib Software

80% of your manufacturing data is unusable by AI—stalling your smart factory initiatives. From CAD drawings and inspection logs to SOPs and compliance documents, critical data lives inside unstructured formats that AI can’t reliably access or trust. Without structured, validated inputs, even your best digital twin or predictive maintenance model is built on shaky ground.

In this session, Adlib Software CEO Chris Huff and CPO Anthony Vigliotti reveal how global manufacturers are eliminating this “last mile” bottleneck through AI-ready document workflows. You’ll learn how Adlib’s Transform platform extracts, validates, and delivers clean, contextual data from over 300 file types—including legacy formats and complex technical documents—ensuring high-trust inputs across PLM, MES, ERP, and LLM systems.

Key Topics:
• The Trust Gap: Why most AI initiatives fail without structured, validated data
• Digital Twins: Improve model accuracy by up to 40% with pixel-perfect CAD-to-PDF transformations
• ESG & Compliance Reporting: Cut audit prep time by 60% through automated validation and document standardization
• SOP Distribution: Accelerate shop floor readiness with automated generation, validation, and delivery
• AI Trustworthiness: Reduce hallucinations and improve explainability using Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) on verified source documents
• Unlike generic IDP or PLM platforms, Adlib’s Transform platform handles 300+ legacy formats and complex docs with 50% higher accuracy, ensuring compliance without vendor lock-in
  • Lucian Fogoros
    Lucian Fogoros
    Co-Founder
    IIoT World
    Lucian Fogoros
    Lucian Fogoros
    Co-Founder
    IIoT World
    An entrepreneurial software engineer with global business leadership experience and a passion for digital transformation. Lucian has worked in the industrial software and automation industry since 1998. He holds a BSEE from Cleveland State University and an MBA in Entrepreneurial Finance from Case Western Reserve University. He has worked in various positions: software development, product development, training, marketing, pre-sales, product management, M&A integration and global marketing. Lucian has served as the World Trade Center Cleveland Representative for Eastern Europe and as a Board Member for the Promisepartner.biz. He teaches in the Electrical & Computer Science Department at Cleveland State University (CSU) focusing on Industrial Automation & Industrial IoT and currently serves on the Board of Industry Advisors, Engineering Technology, CSU. He was selected to represent the United States in Europe for Technology and Services on the economic trade mission lead by Dr. Samuel Bodman, undersecretary of the U.S. Department of Commerce. Interests: skiing, playing soccer, global travel.
  • Chris Huff
    Chris Huff
    CEO
    Adlib Software
    Chris Huff
    Chris Huff
    CEO
    Adlib Software
    Chris Huff is a growth-focused tech and SaaS executive with a proven track record in scaling enterprise software companies backed by private equity and venture capital. He’s known for building strong teams and driving value through operational efficiency, revenue growth, and product innovation. Prior to joining Adlib, Chris was CEO at Base64.ai and Chief Strategy & Growth Officer at Tungsten Automation (formerly Kofax), where he led strategy, product, AI, GTM, marketing, and partnerships. He also co-led Deloitte’s U.S. Public Sector Intelligent Automation practice and served as a Major in the U.S. Marine Corps. Chris brings deep expertise in AI, automation, and digital transformation—and a clear vision to expand Adlib’s impact across regulated industries.
  • Anthony Vigliotti
    Anthony Vigliotti
    CPO
    Adlib Software
    Anthony Vigliotti
    Anthony Vigliotti
    CPO
    Adlib Software
    Anthony has 20+ years of experience in Business Workflow and Intelligent Document Processing segment with prior roles at Kofax, Nuance, Notable Solutions (NSi), and Xerox. Anthony brings a well-rounded set of experiences with solution-related roles in Product Management, Alliance and Partner Management, and Product Development. He holds a bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering and a Master’s Degree in Information Technology, both from the Rochester Institute of Technology.
  • Dalith Steiger-Gablinger
    Dalith Steiger-Gablinger
    Co-Founder and Managing Partner
    Swiss Cognitive
    Dalith Steiger-Gablinger
    Dalith Steiger-Gablinger
    Co-Founder and Managing Partner
    Swiss Cognitive
    „AI isn’t just a dream - it is a decision!“

    As a serial entrepreneur and co-founder of SwissCognitive, I bridge global AI expertise with business innovation. Passionate about empowering startups, I advise and invest in early-stage AI ventures while guiding C-suite leaders to kickstart their AI journey and unlock the transformative potential of their companies.
    Let’s connect to explore the future of #AI in business.

    I’m passionate about #ArtificialIntelligence and its impact on society, ethical aspects and unleashing new business potentials.
Agentic AI in Manufacturing: From Copilots to Autonomous Systems

Sponsored by Cybus and Infinite Uptime

Many manufacturers are stuck at the “AI proof-of-concept” stage — able to generate insights but unable to turn them into consistent, autonomous action. Agentic AI changes that. These systems can interpret shifting production priorities, resolve conflicts across data silos, and act in real time without constant human intervention. This panel explores what it takes to move from advisory AI copilots to trusted, self-directed systems — and how doing so can address chronic challenges like delayed decision-making, inefficiencies hidden in complex workflows, and the growing gap between AI potential and actual plant-floor impact.

  • Sebastian Trolli
    Sebastian Trolli
    Research Manager - Head of Industrial Automation & Software
    Frost & Sullivan
    Sebastian Trolli
    Sebastian Trolli
    Research Manager - Head of Industrial Automation & Software
    Frost & Sullivan
    Throughout his 20-year professional journey, Sebastián has specialized in Market Research and Advisory, Industrial Automation, Industrial Software, Operational Technologies, Process Control, and Manufacturing. His extensive experience of 17 years working for large industrial organizations and conglomerates in Engineering and Business Development roles has given him a deep understanding of the technical and business needs and challenges of those industries.

    In 2021, he joined Frost & Sullivan as an analyst, and now he manages the Industrial Automation & Software Global Research team, analyzing markets, industries, and technologies of the entire industrial value chain, i.e., design and engineering, operations (control, maintenance, and optimization), business/enterprise, lifecycle services, and industrial digital transformation (Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing).

    Sebastián is passionate about helping organizations, executives, and industry leaders succeed in the industrial and manufacturing landscapes. He focuses on identifying market opportunities and tech trends, leveraging data analytics and insights to unlock businesses' growth and innovation potential. Nothing is more precious to him than building long-lasting relationships based on trust, loyalty, business value, and winning results.

    Sebastián is an SME, evangelist, advocate, and influencer in industrial technologies. His enthusiasm fuels his interest in data analysis, trends, strategies, business models, and competitive landscapes shaping the industrial and manufacturing realms.
    He holds a B.Sc. in Chemical Engineering from Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Argentina (Summa Cum Laude honors).

    Above all, Sebastián cherishes spending time with his son, Mateo, his wife, Valeria, and his family.
  • Madalina Ciortan
    Madalina Ciortan
    Director AI, OpsIT
    Astrazeneca
    Madalina Ciortan
    Madalina Ciortan
    Director AI, OpsIT
    Astrazeneca
    Madalina Ciortan is Director of Machine Learning and AI in Operations IT DA&AI. Her academic journey includes a degree in engineering, a master's in computer science, a post-master’s in bioinformatics and a doctorate in data science. With close to two decades of professional experience, she navigated diverse roles encompassing software development, architecture, applied data science, and research. Her expertise spans a wide array of domains, from computer vision and natural language processing to time series analysis within the industry.
  • Peter Sorowka
    Peter Sorowka
    CEO
    Cybus GmbH
    Peter Sorowka
    Peter Sorowka
    CEO
    Cybus GmbH
    Peter Sorowka is an expert in Industrial IoT and the technical architecture of data-driven industrial production. In 2015, he founded Cybus – the Industrial IoT company specializing in secure and governance-strong IIoT edge and smart factory solutions. As CEO and co-founder of Cybus, he has been advising and supporting the industry for more than 10 years in its transition to decentralized, secure smart factories and data-driven smart services.
  • Rick Franzosa
    Rick Franzosa
    Moderator
    IIoT World
    Rick Franzosa
    Rick Franzosa
    Moderator
    IIoT World
    Senior executive with extensive business development/management experience in manufacturing operations enterprise software, including services, sales, marketing, software implementation, professional services and design and development of complex software solutions. An executive with the ability to apply people management skills, strong writing skills, software development expertise and business acumen to work collaboratively with customers in solving complex business process problems.
Wiring the Factory Brain: Building the Real-Time Data Architecture for Industrial AI
Sponsored by Cirrus Link

AI can’t deliver insights without fast, contextual, and connected data. This session focuses on the foundational infrastructure that makes intelligent operations possible — from MQTT-based unified namespaces to real-time data modeling at the edge and cloud. Learn how manufacturers design data systems that feed AI with the precision and context it needs to drive operational value, scale across facilities, and adapt to change.
  • Angela Zeng
    Angela Zeng
    Founder & CEO
    Fulfill Food & Beverages bda Karviva Beverages
    Angela Zeng
    Angela Zeng
    Founder & CEO
    Fulfill Food & Beverages bda Karviva Beverages
    Dr. Angela Zeng is the Founder & CEO of Karviva, a multi-award-winning wellness beverage company inspired by Traditional Eastern Medicine and backed by modern nutritional science. With a Ph.D. in Pathology from St. Louis University School of Medicine and an MBA from Washington University in St. Louis, she has combined scientific research with entrepreneurial insight to pioneer innovations in clean-label functional drinks. Angela has leveraged AI tools across product development, sourcing, and operational strategy to stay ahead of evolving consumer demands and global manufacturing challenges. She was recently named one of USA Today’s “Top 10 Women Leaders to Watch in 2025” and is a Titan 100 CEO St. Louis honoree.
  • Bernd Gross
    Bernd Gross
    Chief Executive Officer
    Cumulocity
    Bernd Gross
    Bernd Gross
    Chief Executive Officer
    Cumulocity
    Bernd Gross is the CEO of Cumulocity. With over 30 years of international experience, Bernd is a recognized pioneer in digitization, cloud computing, IoT, and Industry 4.0. Bernd co-founded Cumulocity in 2012 and successfully positioned it as a key player in the IoT space. Cumulocity was acquired by Software AG in 2017; however, the brand continued to operate independently, with Bernd serving in the dual capacity of CTO at Software AG and CEO of Cumulocity. Prior to this, he held leadership positions at Nokia and Nokia Siemens Networks, where he led global innovation management.

    He holds a Master’s degree in Information & Communication Technology and an MBA from London Business School.
  •  Arlen Nipper
    Arlen Nipper
    CTO & President
    Cirrus Link Solutions
     Arlen Nipper
    Arlen Nipper
    CTO & President
    Cirrus Link Solutions
    Arlen Nipper brings over 40 years of experience in the SCADA industry to Cirrus Link as President and CTO. He was one of the early architects of pervasive computing and the Internet of Things and co-invented MQTT, a publish-subscribe network protocol that has become the dominant messaging standard in IoT. He has worked for Amoco and Koch Oil, and served as President and CTO of Arcom Control Systems and Eurotech Inc. His experience covers a broad range of technology from the design and manufacturing of embedded systems to SCADA system infrastructure implementations. Arlen holds a bachelor’s degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (BSEE) from Oklahoma State University.
  • Hamish Mackenzie
    Hamish Mackenzie
    Fractional Chief of Staff to New Space, Deep Tech and IIoT scale-ups
    New Space AI
    Hamish Mackenzie
    Hamish Mackenzie
    Fractional Chief of Staff to New Space, Deep Tech and IIoT scale-ups
    New Space AI

    Hamish Mackenzie operates as a Fractional Chief of Staff to space and deep-tech startup/scaleup CEOs, providing the focus, clarity, and execution leverage they need to turn complex technology into reliable growth — without adding full-time headcount.


    With 20+ years in B2B technology and GTM strategy, he helps founders align their teams, sharpen their message, and build predictable momentum — by combining strategic GTM support with AI-enhanced operating systems that unlock leadership capacity across the business.

Predict, Prevent, Optimize: Real Results from Augmented Industrial Data
Sponsored by InfluxData*

This session will dive into how industrial organizations are using augmented data—combining real-time time series inputs with contextual, historical, and metadata layers—to solve high-impact problems across manufacturing. From detecting hidden patterns in rotating equipment to improving load balancing across distributed assets, panelists will share concrete use cases where augmented data delivered faster root-cause analysis, reduced manual intervention, and improved system reliability—without major changes to existing OT stacks.
  • Benjamin Corbett
    Benjamin Corbett
    Solutions Engineer
    InfluxData
    Benjamin Corbett
    Benjamin Corbett
    Solutions Engineer
    InfluxData
    Ben Corbett is a Solutions Engineer at InfluxData. He has been working in the real-time solutions space since graduating with a 1st class Masters from the University of Bath in Mechanical Engineering, putting his love for connecting the digital and physical worlds into practice through developing many IoT platforms and real-time applications across the Energy, Manufacturing, Agriculture, Construction, Smart Building, and Electric Vehicle sectors. Since joining InfluxData, Ben has worked with our EMEA and APAC customers to understand and demonstrate the value of InfluxDB as applied to their specific use case or time series challenges.
  • Helena Jochberger
    Helena Jochberger
    Vice President & Global Industry Lead, Manufacturing
    CGI
    Helena Jochberger
    Helena Jochberger
    Vice President & Global Industry Lead, Manufacturing
    CGI
    As the Global Industry Lead for Manufacturing, Helena Jochberger is responsible for the strategic design, development and direction of CGI’s global manufacturing portfolio. In this role, she supports client relationship development, drives decision-making on industry strategies at both the global and local levels, steers investments in growth areas and solutions, and engages with senior client executives to accelerate CGI business units’ growth plans. A certified design-thinking facilitator, Helena is highly experienced in digital transformation and change management and is a thought leader on these topics.
  • Omid Givehchi
    Omid Givehchi
    CTO Susteco
    Bosch
    Omid Givehchi
    Omid Givehchi
    CTO Susteco
    Bosch
    Digital Technology enthusiast with more than 15 years of experience & education in industrial software and building technologies. Extensive experience gained at both lead corporations and startup teams in development of IIoT platforms, disruptive digitalization / software, AI solutions and ecosystems.
  • Jan Burian
    Jan Burian
    Head of Industry insights
    Trask
    Jan Burian
    Jan Burian
    Head of Industry insights
    Trask
    Jan Burian, a global manufacturing industry analyst, serves as the Head of Industry Insights at Trask. His expertise spans digital transformation, management, leadership, and the geopolitical influences shaping manufacturing and global supply chains. Prior to his role at Trask, Jan led Manufacturing Insights Europe at IDC and held consulting positions at EY and Deloitte.
Agentic AI & Integrated Data Workflows: Extracting Value from Existing Manufacturing Systems
Sponsored by Arch Systems

Learn how forward-thinking manufacturers are using agentic AI to tap into existing data sources and dashboards—accelerating value without starting from scratch. The session will cover strategies for integrating domain-specific workflows, boosting quality with minimal infrastructure changes, and aligning digital tools with lean operational goals.

  • Andrew Scheuermann
    Andrew Scheuermann
    CEO
    Arch Systems
    Andrew Scheuermann
    Andrew Scheuermann
    CEO
    Arch Systems
    Andrew is the CEO and Co-founder of Arch, working with top-tier global manufacturers to drive intelligent actions from machine and factory data for efficiency and predictability at scale. Andrew has published over 20 scientific papers in the fields of semiconductor electronics, electronics manufacturing, and renewable energy. He holds a Ph.D. in Materials Science from Stanford where he fabricated world record silicon photoanodes enabled by a background building custom fabrication and inspection equipment in collaboration with top semiconductor equipment vendors. Andrew also helped build StartX, a top worldwide startup accelerator that invested over $200M across various companies. Outside of Arch you can find Andrew spending time with his family, sports, or advising other technologists and entrepreneurs around Silicon Valley.
  • Rajkumar Mylvaganan
    Rajkumar Mylvaganan
    Platform Product Manager - Head of Digital Manufacturing Platform Core
    ZF Group
    Rajkumar Mylvaganan
    Rajkumar Mylvaganan
    Platform Product Manager - Head of Digital Manufacturing Platform Core
    ZF Group
    Driven with passion and perseverance, I'm a techno functional professional helping Manufacturing Enterprises to solve their business problems through digital technologies. This helps to increase their productivity and profitability through a data-driven fashion with proven business cases.

    - Instrumental in setting up and leading Smart Factory team comprising of Industrial IoT experts, Domain consultants and application enablement teams
    - Key enabler in taking lean manufacturing to the next level of digitalization
    - Profound Competency on Industrial IoT Technology Stack
    - Design and develop 'fit-for-purpose' I4.0 solutions
    - Built strong business cases with clear cost-benefit analysis with deployment plan for I4.0 solution rollouts
    - I4.0 Application Portfolio Management
    - Partnership and alliances
    - Startup connect
    - Thought leadership in enterprise digital transformation
    - Agile methodology
    - DevSecOps Practitioner
    - Requirements Engineering

    Worked with: Manufacturing & Logistics, Sales, Maintenance, Quality, EHS, Manufacturing Engineering, Product Engineering, Lean, Product Management, Technology Partners, Industry 4.0 Consulting, Marketing & Delivery

    I4.0 Technologies:
    - IoT
    - Edge Computing
    - Blockchain
    - Industrial Analytics
    - AR / VR

    Specialties:
    - TOGAF 9.2 Certified
    - Professional Scrum Product Owner
    - Trained I4.0 Maturity Assessor by RWT Aachen University
    - Use Case Identification
    - Solution Consulting
    - Industrial IoT Solution Architecture
    - Digital Advisory
    - Program Management
    - Market Intelligence
    - Intrapreneurship

    Other Interests:
    - Love to drive, travel to explore new places and interest towards KP Astrology
  • Hamish Mackenzie
    Hamish Mackenzie
    Fractional Chief of Staff to New Space, Deep Tech and IIoT scale-ups
    New Space AI
    Hamish Mackenzie
    Hamish Mackenzie
    Fractional Chief of Staff to New Space, Deep Tech and IIoT scale-ups
    New Space AI

    Hamish Mackenzie operates as a Fractional Chief of Staff to space and deep-tech startup/scaleup CEOs, providing the focus, clarity, and execution leverage they need to turn complex technology into reliable growth — without adding full-time headcount.


    With 20+ years in B2B technology and GTM strategy, he helps founders align their teams, sharpen their message, and build predictable momentum — by combining strategic GTM support with AI-enhanced operating systems that unlock leadership capacity across the business.

Designing AI Systems that Grow, Learn, and Pay Off Over Time
Scaling isn’t just deployment — it’s building AI systems that improve with use, adapt to new data, and compound value across workflows.
This session will focus on evolutionary design, platform thinking, and ROI over the lifecycle.
  • Kenny Ralph
    Kenny Ralph
    Engineering Manager
    Grupo Aço Cearense
    Kenny Ralph
    Kenny Ralph
    Engineering Manager
    Grupo Aço Cearense
    Kenny Ralph M. Santos is an accomplished Industrial Operations Executive and Control & Automation Engineer with over two decades of experience leading transformative initiatives in the manufacturing and metal-mechanics industries across Latin America and Europe. He has successfully led multimillion-dollar projects in collaboration with global players such as Vale, Danieli, SAP, and EY, with a focus on operational excellence, digital transformation, and sustainable growth.

    Kenny is widely recognized for integrating AI, IIoT, and advanced analytics into industrial operations to drive significant improvements in OEE, reduce lead times, and deliver measurable ROI. His leadership was instrumental in one of Latin America's largest steel production expansions, resulting in a $350 million revenue increase and the implementation of cutting-edge technologies, including twist-free spooled bar production.

    At AI Frontiers 2025, Kenny will present his paper titled “Artificial Neural Networks in Predicting Maximum Induction Welding Speed: A Novel Approach to Predicting the Maximum Welding Speed of a Steel Tube Line,” published by Springer Nature in The International Journal of Materials.
  • Asif Kabani
    Asif Kabani
    Chair AI Centre, Sweden - Fellow UN - Executive Director - SDG Centre, Geneva
    NGL ISDRC UN
    Asif Kabani
    Asif Kabani
    Chair AI Centre, Sweden - Fellow UN - Executive Director - SDG Centre, Geneva
    NGL ISDRC UN
    Mentor Fellow (UN) | Sustainability Startup Coach (AI-SDGs-ESGs)| Talk Moderator | Public Speaker | Researcher | Chair, AI Standard Committee, Sweden | CEO, Next Generation Leaders, Europe | Director SDG Centre, Geneva.
  • Miranda Moonen
    Miranda Moonen
    CEO & Founder
    GUSTY
    Miranda Moonen
    Miranda Moonen
    CEO & Founder
    GUSTY
    Miranda Moonen combines deep industry expertise with technical innovation. She worked on chemical plants and tank terminals for over a decade before founding GUSTY, where she builds the foundations for AI-powered assistants that will support engineers in reducing downtime, improving preventive maintenance, and automating decision-critical admin. Her work focuses on combining ERP, IoT, and human feedback into one reliable, actionable system — turning messy data into real operational support.
Protocol Spotlight: How to Use Model Context Protocol to Power Your Agentic AI Strategy
Sponsored by HighByte

As the AI ecosystem shifts toward increasingly autonomous systems, giving agents access to meaningful, structured context is no longer optional. This session puts a spotlight on Model Context Protocol (MCP), an impactful standard designed to deliver semantic context to AI agents at the edge, in the cloud, and across your organization. Panelists will discuss real-world use cases, emerging trends, and the architectural role MCP plays in accelerating AI initiatives.
  • Aron Semle
    Aron Semle
    Chief Technology Officer
    HighByte
    Aron Semle
    Aron Semle
    Chief Technology Officer
    HighByte

    Aron Semle is the Chief Technology Officer of HighByte, focused on guiding the company’s product strategy through research and development and technical evangelism. His areas of responsibility include engineering and product development and validation.


    Aron has more than 15 years of experience in industrial technology. He previously worked at Kepware and PTC from 2008 until 2018 in a variety of roles including software engineer, product manager, R&D lead, and director of solutions management, helping to shape the company’s strategy in the manufacturing operations market.


    Aron received a Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering from the University of Maine.

  • Lucian Fogoros
    Lucian Fogoros
    Co-Founder
    IIoT World
    Lucian Fogoros
    Lucian Fogoros
    Co-Founder
    IIoT World
    An entrepreneurial software engineer with global business leadership experience and a passion for digital transformation. Lucian has worked in the industrial software and automation industry since 1998. He holds a BSEE from Cleveland State University and an MBA in Entrepreneurial Finance from Case Western Reserve University. He has worked in various positions: software development, product development, training, marketing, pre-sales, product management, M&A integration and global marketing. Lucian has served as the World Trade Center Cleveland Representative for Eastern Europe and as a Board Member for the Promisepartner.biz. He teaches in the Electrical & Computer Science Department at Cleveland State University (CSU) focusing on Industrial Automation & Industrial IoT and currently serves on the Board of Industry Advisors, Engineering Technology, CSU. He was selected to represent the United States in Europe for Technology and Services on the economic trade mission lead by Dr. Samuel Bodman, undersecretary of the U.S. Department of Commerce. Interests: skiing, playing soccer, global travel.
  • Boris Scharinger
    Boris Scharinger
    Senior Innovation Manager and Technology Strategist (CTO Office)
    Siemens
    Boris Scharinger
    Boris Scharinger
    Senior Innovation Manager and Technology Strategist (CTO Office)
    Siemens
    I am a customer focused, technology inspired CTO who just dives into the amazing field of Industry 4.0 resp. smart manufacturing and related change and transformation processes - whether internally or on our customers' side.

    On the personal side of life: I am an art enthusiast with a special passion for mosaics, both from an art history perspective as well as contemporary mosaics for the beauty of the medium.
  • Peggy Smedley
    Peggy Smedley
    Host
    The Peggy Smedley Show
    Peggy Smedley
    Peggy Smedley
    Host
    The Peggy Smedley Show
    Peggy Smedley hosts The Peggy Smedley Show where she facilitates meaningful discussions on enterprise technology adoption. Since its inception in 2008, The Peggy Smedley Show has been rated the #1 digital transformation podcast.

    After moving to Columbia, SC, post-COVID, Smedley continues to advocate for citizens and communities on topics like the future workforce, resilience, and future of work, education, energy and sustainability initiatives. She serves on the board of inSkill.ai, and PITSCO, and has participated in the SC Home Energy Labeling Working Group, IFT, and IoT working groups.
Agenda - AI Frontiers 2025: Driving the Next Revolution in Smart Manufacturing